| EMMISSION OF PARTICULATE MATTER – PARTICULATE MATTER (PM2.5) HAVING DIAMETER OF 2.5 MICROMETERS OR LESS |  |
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What progress has been made in overall reduction of emissions of particulate matters having diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less (PM2.5) in the Republic of Macedonia?
In 1990 total national emissions of PM2.5 amounted to 32,5 kt. For comparison, in2016 emissions are significantly reduced by 57% and amount to 14 kt. The main reason for the decline is due to lower emissions from Industrial processes (ferroalloy production), Energy industry and Other sectors, where emissions reduction is 82%, 75% and 25%, respectively, compared to 1990.
The Diagram below shows annual trend in PM2.5 emissions for the period 1990 to 2016.
Diagram 1.Trend in PM2.5 emissions
Under the CARDS Programme, Inventory of air emissions of the main pollutants in the country was established in 2005 in accordance with the EMEP methodology by individual sectors, i.e. activities, and in 2014 Inventory including all pollutants was prepared.
Sectors based on the above mentioned methodology and SNAP – selective nomenclature of air pollution are presented in the table below:
| Sector |
| Energy Production and distribution |
| Commercial, instiucional and households |
| Industry (combustion) |
| Industry (production) |
| Fugitive emissions |
| Use of solvents and products |
| Road transport |
| Non-Road transport |
| Waste |
| Agriculture |
| Other |
The main sources of emissions of solid particles up to 2,5 micrometers PM2,5 in 2016 are sectors: Commercial, institutional and households (mainly household heating), Industry (production) (mainly 2C2 Ferroalloy production), and Energy production and distribution with shares of 63,3%, 18,7% and 6,1%, respectively.
Diagram 2. Emissions of PM2.5 by sectors in 2016
Which different sectors and processes contribute to PM2.5 emissions?
The main sources of PM2.5 emissions are the NFR categories 1A4 – Other sectors (mainly heating in households), 2 – Industrial processes (mostly2C2 Production of ferroalloys) with shares of 63% and 20% respectively. Smaller sources of PM2.5 emissions are the NFR categories for 2016 1A1 Energy industries and 1A2Manufacturing Industries and Construction with shares of 6% both.
NFR categories 1B – Fugitive emissions, 3 – Agriculture and 5 – Waste are insignificant sources of PM2.5 emission.
Emissions of PM2.5 in 2001, 2002 and 2009 were very low compared to other years. The reasons for this are that emissions originating from ferroalloys production were very low owing to the fact that the during these years the ferrosilicon producing company operated with limited capacity and produced quantities of ferrosilicon were by 80-90% lower compared to production in 2014.
From 2013 to 2014, emissions dropped again by 25% due to reduced emissions from ferroalloys production, as well as reduced emissions from household heating. There is a significant reduction in emissions in 2016 compared to 2015 with 29% and occurs primarily due to the large reduction of PM2.5 emissions from NFR categories: 2 – Industrial processes and use of products (mainly 2C2 Ferroalloy production), due to the reduced capacity in the operation of the ferrosilicon production plant, 1A1 – Energy industries and 1A4 – Other sectors.
Diagram 3. Emissions of PM2.5 by NFR sectors per year
Data coverage: excel_1, excel_2
Sources of data: The data used refers to overall national emissions and emissions categorized by NFR delivered by EEA member and collaborating states to EEA and Secretariat of the United Nations. Data is accessible per country on the following web address:http://cdr.eionet.europa.eu/mk/un/clrtap/inventories/envwovm7g/.