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Investigations have testified the presence of several nitrogen oxides in the air, but the most significant among them are nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen monoxide. These pollutants most often originate from natural sources. However, in urban environments, the main source is the traffic, and industry is minor source. The most toxic of all nitrogen oxides is the nitrogen dioxide, the concentrations of which are dependent on season and meteorological conditions. Namely, concentration of NO is higher in morning hours when the traffic is more frequent, while the intensification of solar radiation during the day leads to transformation of NO into NO2<\/sub> resulting in increased concentration of NO2<\/sub>. Nitrogen oxides influence the content of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the air. During the spring-summer period, the concentration of NO2<\/sub> is higher, while in autumn-winter period, the concentration of NO is higher. The quantity of NOx<\/sub> increases in winter period due to the higher frequency of traffic.<\/p>\nIn the period 2004 to 2017, the portion of population exposed at nitrogen dioxide concentrations above the limit value for human health protection (40 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>mean annual limit value) ranged from 0 to 69%. The highest percentage of 69% population exposure was recorded in 2011.<\/p>\nIn 2004, 2006 and 2011, significant portion of the population (55-67%) of the population was exposed at concentrations above 40 \u00b5g\/m3<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/span>Methodology<\/div>\n
\n- Methodology for the indicator calculation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
The mean annual concentration in a city is calculatedas an average of the mean annual value measured in all monitoring stations located in urban areas. Selected urban stations include stations of the following types: stations measuring traffic pollution, stations measuring industrial pollution and urban background stations.<\/p>\n
Uncertainty<\/strong><\/p>\n\n- Methodological uncertainty and data uncertainty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
In general, data is not representative for all urban environments in the Republic of Macedonia. Compared to the methodology of the European Environmental Agency, where the calculation of the indicator is based only on data produced by the urban background stations, in our calculations we used data from all measuring stations located in urban environments. Also, due to the minimum number of monitoring stations, the calculation of the indicator also took into account the stations where data coverage is below 75% per calendar year. We can also point out as uncertainty in the indicator calculation the fact that the number of inhabitants in cities is based on the census of the population conducted by the State Statistical Office in 2002, instead of estimated number of population for each year.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/span>Policy relevance of the indicator<\/div>\n
List of relevant policy documents<\/strong><\/p>\nThe National Plan for Air Protection presents the state of air quality, defines the measures for ambient air quality protection and improvement in the Republic of Macedonia and all relevant institutions responsible for their implementation within 5 year period, namely from 2013 to 2018 (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no.170\/2012).<\/p>\n
Legal grounds<\/strong><\/p>\nThe Law on Ambient Air Quality was adopted in August 2004 and later amended on several occasions in line with the requirements of the relevant EU legislation (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia Nos. 67\/2004, 92\/2007, 83\/2009, 35\/2010, 47\/2011, 59\/2012, 163\/13, 10\/15 and 146\/15) and it is framework law in the area of air. The main goals of this Law are: avoidance, prevention and reduction of harmful effects on human health and environment as a whole, prevention and reduction of pollution resulting in climate change, as well as provision of the relevant information on the quality of ambient air. This Law establishes the legal grounds for adoption of a number of bylaws in line with the requirements of the relevant Acquis Communitaire. <\/em>So far, 12 bylaws have been adopted. Calculations for this indicator are based on the provisions of the Decree on the limit values of levels and types of polluting substances in ambient air and on the alert thresholds, deadlines for the limit values achievement, margins of limit value tolerance, target values and long-term ozone targets (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia No. 50\/05, 4\/2013 and 183\/2017).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/span>Targets<\/div>\n
The Decree on the limit values of levels and types of polluting substances in ambient air and on the alert thresholds, deadlines for the limit values achievement, margins of limit value tolerance, target values and long-term targets, defines the limit values for NO2<\/sub>.<\/p>\nLimit values for concentrations of nitrogen dioxide in ambient air<\/strong><\/p>\nIn accordance with the said Decree, two limit values are specified for nitrogen dioxide for the purpose of human health protection.<\/p>\n
\n- Hourly mean concentration of nitrogen dioxide shall not exceed the limit value of 200 \u03bcg\/m3<\/sup> by more than 18 times during one calendar year.<\/li>\n
- The mean annual concentration shall not exceed 40 \u03bcg\/m3<\/sup>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/span>Reporting obligation<\/div>\n
European Environmental Agency<\/p>\n
\n- Air quality data exchange in accordance with implementing Decision containing the rules of Directives 2004\/10\/EC\u00a0and 2008\/50\/EC\u00a0of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning reciprocal exchange of information\u00a0I reporting on ambient air quality\u00a0(Decision 2011\/850\/EC).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\n
<\/span>General metadata<\/div>\n
\n\n\n| Code<\/td>\n | Title of the indicator<\/td>\n | Compliance with CSI \u0415\u0415\u0410 or other indicators<\/td>\n | Classification by DPSIR<\/td>\n | Type<\/td>\n | Linkage with area<\/td>\n | Frequency of publication<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n |
\n\nMK<\/strong>NI<\/strong> 0<\/strong>04<\/strong><\/td>\nExceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas<\/strong><\/td>\n| CSI 004<\/td>\n | Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas<\/td>\n | S<\/strong><\/td>\n\u0410<\/strong><\/td>\n| air<\/p>\n Air quality<\/td>\n | annual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/p>\n <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" EXCEEDANCE OF AIR QUALITY LIMIT VALUES IN URBAN AREAS – NO2<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2656,"menu_order":368,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4802"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4802"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4802\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4802"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} | | | | |
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