{"id":3413,"date":"2015-01-13T09:29:36","date_gmt":"2015-01-13T09:29:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.moepp.gov.mk\/?page_id=3413"},"modified":"2023-09-19T15:15:15","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:15:15","slug":"%d1%81%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/arhiva.moepp.gov.mk\/en\/%d0%bc%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b5%d1%80%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b2%d0%be\/%d1%81%d0%b5%d0%ba%d1%82%d0%be%d1%80-%d0%b7%d0%b0-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b4%d0%b0\/","title":{"rendered":"Department of nature"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

The Department of Nature within the Administration of Environment at the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning implements the nature protection, through the protection of biodiversity and landscape diversity and protection of natural heritage in protected areas and outside protected areas, as well as the protection of natural rarities.<\/p>\n

The diversity of terrain, climate, ecological, hydrological and pedological characteristics contribute the Republic of North Macedonia to possess significant geodiversity and biodiversity.<\/p>\n

The main characteristics of biodiversity in our country are the richness and heterogeneity of species and ecosystems and the high degree of relativity and endemism. Despite the fact that the diversity of flora and fauna has not yet been fully explored, it is, according to available information, a tremendous wealth – over 23,019 taxa of which 2,095 species of algae, 2,000 species of fungi, 450 species of lichens, 3,200 vascular plants and 500 species of mosses , 13,379 invertebrate animals and 555 species of vertebrate animals.<\/p>\n

Protected areas, especially national parks, represent the most representative part of the national natural heritage.<\/p>\n

As early as 1948, due to the particular natural beauty, historical and scientific significance of forests and forest areas, part of mountain Pelister was declared a national park, which also represents the first protected natural good in Macedonia and the former SFRY.<\/p>\n

It is important to note the proclamation of forest areas around Mavrovo Lake as National Park (1949) and the proclamation of Mount Galichica as National Park (1958).<\/p>\n

In order to prioritize nature conservation actions, including the management of Protected Areas in the Republic of Macedonia in accordance with the Law on Nature Protection, the Government of the Republic of Macedonia in 2018 adopted the National Strategy for Nature Protection with an Action Plan (2017-2027) and the National Biodiversity Strategy with Action Plan (2018-2023).<\/strong><\/p>\n

With the adoption of the 2005 Law on Nature Protection, intensive efforts to align national legislation with EU legislation in the field of nature protection have begun. According to this law, the valorisation and revaluation of the protected areas natural values and new approaches to protected area management have begun.<\/p>\n

According to Article 65 of the Law on Nature Protection, the system of protected areas is established to protect biodiversity within natural habitats, processes that occur in nature, as well as abiotic features and landscape diversity.<\/p>\n

By proclaiming the area protected it acquires the status of natural heritage.<\/p>\n

Article 66 of the Law on Nature Protection has adopted six (6) categories of protected areas, harmonized with the International Union for Conservation (IUCN) categorization:<\/p>\n

1) Category I – (Ia) Strict Nature Reserve (SNP), (Ib) Wilderness Area (WA),<\/p>\n

2) Category II – National Park (NP),<\/p>\n

3) Category III – Monument of Nature (MN),<\/p>\n

4) Category IV – Nature Park (NP),<\/p>\n

5) Category V – Protected Landscape (PL) and<\/p>\n

6) Category VI – Multipurpose Area (MPA).<\/p>\n

The system of protected areas includes 86 areas, that occupy an area of 230083 ha or about 8.9% of the territory of the Republic of Northern Macedonia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

National parks occupy about 4.5% of the country’s territory, followed by monuments of nature with 3.0%, while all other categories of protected areas occupy about 1.4% of the country’s territory.<\/p>\n

Number and area of protected areas by categories of protection<\/p>\n

<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Categories of protection<\/p>\n

according to the IUCN<\/td>\n

Number of areas<\/td>\nArea<\/p>\n

(ha)<\/td>\n

% from the territory of the Republic North Macedonia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ia. Strict Nature Reserve (SNP)<\/td>\n2<\/td>\n7787<\/td>\n0,3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Ib. Wilderness Area (WA)<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n–<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
II. National Park (NP)<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n114870<\/td>\n4,48<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
III. Monument of Nature (MN)<\/td>\n67<\/td>\n78967.5<\/td>\n3,0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IV. Nature Park (NP)<\/td>\n12<\/td>\n3045<\/td>\n0,12<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V. Protected Landscape (PL)<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n108<\/td>\n0,004<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
VI. Multipurpose Area (MPA)<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n25305<\/td>\n0,98<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total<\/td>\n86<\/td>\n230083<\/td>\n8,9<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Source: National Strategy for Nature Protection with Action Plan (2017-2027) (MoEPP, 2018)<\/p>\n

Distribution of protected areas (without individual trees) in the Republic of Northern Macedonia<\/p>\n

\"Distribucija<\/a>Source: National Strategy for Nature Protection with Action Plan (2017-2027) (MoEPP, 2018)<\/p>\n

According to the Sectoral Study on the Protection of Natural Heritage for the period up to 2020, the percentage of protected areas is projected to increase from the current approximately 9% to 11.5% of the territory of the Republic of Northern Macedonia.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aichi’s global objective 11 of the Convention on Biodiversity Conservation that relates to protected areas is embedded in the Biodiversity Strategy Action Plan. In line with this objective it is proposed to increase the area of protected areas to 15%, to provide their functional connectivity as an ecological network and to establish effective management of protected areas in cooperation with local communities.<\/strong><\/p>\n

PROTECTED AREAS WITH INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION MODE<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2022 Ramsar areas<\/p>\n

Monument of Nature – Prespa Lake (1995) and<\/p>\n

Dojran Lake Nature Monument (2007)<\/p>\n

\u2022 World Heritage Sites (UNESCO)<\/p>\n

Nature Monument – Lake Ohrid (1979)<\/p>\n

\u2022 Tentative (temporary) list of UNESCO<\/p>\n

Monument of Nature Markovi Kuli (2004) and<\/p>\n

Monument of Nature Slatino Source Cave (2004).<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ohrid-Prespa Transboundary Biosphere Reserve designated as UNESCO Criterion of Human and Biosphere Program (2014)<\/p>\n

Contact Officer:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vlatko Trpeski, MSci<\/p>\n

e-mail: v.trpeski@moepp.gov.mk<\/a><\/p>\n

STUDIES<\/em><\/strong>:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

Monitoring Manualfor Lake-bound Species and Habitats of Lakes Prespa, Ohrid and Shkodra\/Skadar<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Study on revaluation of natural values of the protected area Monument of Nature \u201cMatka Canyon\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Study on revaluation of natural values of the protected area Strict Natural Reserve \u201cTikvesh\u201d<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Study on valuation of natural values of the protected area Multi-purpose Area \u201cJasen\u201c<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Study on valuation of natural values of Belasica Mountain<\/a><\/p>\n

– Study on revaluation of natural values of the protected area Mavrovo<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Study on valuation with proposal to establish protected landscape Osogovo Mountains<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Feasibility Study on Ezerani<\/a><\/p>\n

–\u00a0Valuation of natural values of Shar Planina Mt. and assessment of their market value<\/a><\/p>\n

Nature Department is composed of four organizational units:<\/p>\n

Unit for natural<\/p>\n

heritage protection<\/span>Unit for<\/p>\n

biodiversity<\/span>Unit for space<\/p>\n

planning in protected areas<\/p>\n

and geo-diversity<\/span>Unit for Genetically<\/p>\n

Modified Organisms<\/span><\/div>

\n

Under the current systematization of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning (MEPP), Unit for natural heritage protectionoperates as part of the Nature Department within Administration of Environment.<\/p>\n

The main legal act upon which Unit for natural heritage protection operates is the Law on Nature Protection (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no. 67\/04, 14\/06,\u00a0 84\/07, 35\/10, 47\/11, 148\/11, 59\/12 and\u00a0 13\/13), while certain cases are subject of the Law on Environment (Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia no.53\/2005, 81\/2005, 24\/2007, 159\/2008, 83\/2009, 48\/2010, 124\/2010, 51\/2011, 123\/2012 and 93\/2013), as well as other sectoral laws.<\/p>\n

Responsibilities of the Unit include<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– Preparation of amendments to the Law on Nature Protection,<\/p>\n

– Preparation of bylaws under the said Law,<\/p>\n

– Preparation of information for Government\u2019s sessions in the area of nature protection,<\/p>\n

– Preparation of opinions on laws and bylaws drafted by other sectors,<\/p>\n

– Management of procedures before the Government and the Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia for designation or re-designation of protected areas,<\/p>\n

– Preparation of strategies, programmes and plans for nature protection,<\/p>\n

– Implementation of international documents for nature protection,<\/p>\n

– Issuance of permits for scientific research in nature where the research is to take place in protected area,<\/p>\n

– Issuance of consent to Protected Areas Management Plans,<\/p>\n

– Issuance of consent toAnnual Programme for nature protection,<\/p>\n

– Preparation of opinions on different issues related to natural heritage protection (opinions on construction of investment facilities, base stations for mobile telephony, small hydro power plants, fish ponds, highways, railway lines, etc.),<\/p>\n

– Establishment of cooperation and regular communication with state bodies (ministries, local self-governments, public enterprises, etc.), scientific and expert institutions, non-governmental organizations, etc.,<\/p>\n

– Provision of technical assistance and cooperation with protected areas managers,<\/p>\n

– Keeping of Registry of protected areas,<\/p>\n

– Participation in professional and scientific conferences, training courses and workshops in the country and abroad in the area of nature protection,<\/p>\n

– Application of the results of scientific researches in the area of nature protection, public presentation of nature protection through printed and electronic<\/p>\n

<\/div>\n

\n

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\u041d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435:<\/strong><\/p>\n

– \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0458\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442,<\/p>\n

– \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0438, \u0440\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 (\u0444\u043b\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442), \u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438 (\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0433\u0438) \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 (\u0444\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442),<\/p>\n

– \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430,<\/p>\n

– \u0440\u0435\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0448\u0442\u0430,<\/p>\n

– \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0433\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0458\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0458 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u045a\u0435\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442,<\/p>\n

– \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442,<\/p>\n

– \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u041d (UNEP, UNESCO, UNDP, FAO) \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (IUCN, Wetlands International, BirdLife International, WWF, WUB, BIONET, GROMS), \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (CE, EU, ECNC, EEA, EECONET, EURONATUR, REC, CEEWEB, BIOECO, BALET),<\/p>\n

– \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434 \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 (\u0420\u0438\u043e-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u0411\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0411\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0420\u0430\u043c\u0441\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0430, UNESCO-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430, \u0425\u0430\u0448\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u041b\u043e\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440) \u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043e,<\/p>\n

– \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0437\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0432\u0430\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442,<\/p>\n

– \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0440\u0436\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435,<\/p>\n

– \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 (\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0438) \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0420\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u041c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 web-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0442\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 web-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0458\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435,<\/p>\n

– \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0453\u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0443\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0438 \u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0438,<\/p>\n

– \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0458\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0443\u0432\u0443\u0432\u0430\u045a\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0442.<\/p>\n

\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430:<\/strong><\/p>\n